Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization Hindi PDF
Globalization means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of human beings, goods, and services, capital, technologies or cultural practices) all over the planet. One of the effects of globalization is that it promotes and increases interactions between different regions and populations around the globe.
The globalization of the economy simply indicates interaction of the country relating to production, trading and financial transactions with the developed industrialized countries of the world.
Globalization four parameters
(a) Permitting free flow of goods by removing or reducing trade barriers between the countries,
(b) Creating an environment for the flow of capital between the countries,
(c) Allowing free flow in technology transfer and
(d) Creating an environment for free movement of labour between the countries of the world. Thus taking the entire world a global village, all four components are equally important for attaining a smooth path for globalization.
Globalization Advantages
The following are some important advantages of globalization for a developing country like India:
- Globalization helps to boost the long-run average growth rate of the economy of the country through:
- Improvement in the allocative efficiency of resources;
- Increase in labour productivity; and
- Reduction in capital-output ratio.
- Globalization paves the way for removing inefficiency in the production system. The prolonged protective scenario in the absence of globalisation makes the production system careless about cost-effectiveness which can be attained by following the policy of globalisation.
- Globalisation attracts the entry of foreign capital along with foreign updated technology which improves the quality of production.
- Globalisation usually restructures production and trade pattern favouring labour-intensive goods and labour-intensive techniques as well as expansion of trade in services.
- In a globalized scenario, domestic industries of the developing country become conscious about price reduction and quality improvement to their products so as to face foreign competition.
- Globalisation discourages uneconomic import substitution and favours cheaper imports of capital goods which reduces the capital-output ratio in manufacturing industries. Cost-effectiveness and price reduction of manufactured commodities will improve the terms of trade in favour of agriculture.
- Globalization facilitates consumer goods industries to expand faster to meet the growing demand for these consumer goods which would result in faster expansion of employment opportunities over a period of time. This would result in trickle-down effect to reduce the proportion of the population living below the poverty line
- Globalisation enhances the efficiency of the banking insurance and financial sectors with the opening up to those areas to foreign capital, foreign banks and insurance companies.
Globalisation Disadvantages
- Globalisation paves the way for redistribution of economic power at the world level leading to domination by economically powerful nations over the poor nations.
- Globalisation usually results greater increase in imports than increase in exports leading to growing trade deficit and balance of payments problem.
- Although globalisation promote the idea that technological change and increase in productivity would lead to more jobs and higher wages but during the last few years, such technological changes occurring in some developing countries have resulted more loss of jobs than they have created leading to fall in employment growth rates.
- Globalisation has alerted the village and small scale industries and sounded death-knell to it as they cannot withstand the competition arising from well organized MNCs.
- Globalisation has been showing down the process to poverty reduction in some developing and underdeveloped countries of the world and thereby enhances the problem of inequality.
- Globalisation is also posing as a threat to agriculture in developing and underdeveloped countries of the world. As with the WTO trading provisions, agricultural commodities market of poor and developing countries will be flooded farm goods from countries at a rate much lower than that indigenous farm products leading to a death-blow to many farmers.
- Implementation of globalisation principle becoming harder in many industrially developed democratic countries to ask its people to bear the pains and uncertainties of structural adjustment with the hope of getting benefits in future.
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