Plus Two (12th Class) Focus Area 2025 Malayalam PDF

PDF Name	Plus Two (12th Class) Focus Area 2025
No. of Pages	55
PDF Size	5.84 MB
Language	Malayalam
PDF Category	Education & Jobs
Source / Credits	scert.kerala.gov.in
Uploaded By	Pradeep

Plus Two (12th Class) Focus Area 2025 - Summary

The Director of General Education has set up a focus area for the students of SSLC, Higher Secondary, and Vocational Higher Secondary, for the academic year 2023-23 from its official website or it can be directly downloaded from the link given at the bottom of this page. The majority of questions in the public exam question papers in 2023 will be based on the Focus area.

The focus area would be 60% of the total portions and the question paper would carry 70% of questions from this area. This year, the number of choices in the question paper would be lesser compared to the previous year. The choices would be given to the extent of 50% of extra marks.

Plus Two Focus Area (Notes) 2023 – Overview

Education Board	Directorate of Higher Secondary Education, Government of Kerala
Parent organization	Board of Higher Secondary Education Kerala
Type of Education	Kerala Governmental Board of Education
Standard	Plus Two
Name of the Course	Mugham, Malayalam, English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Social Science, Maths, etc,
Plus Two Focus Area 2023 PDF	Download PDF
Official Website	www,dhsekerala.gov.in

Plus Two Exam 2023- Focus Areas for MATHS (Science Stream )

Chapter	Focus area
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS	1.2 Types of Relations 1.3 Types of Functions 1.4 Composition of Functions and Invertible Function
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS	2.3 Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
MATRICES	3.2 Matrix 3.3 Types of Matrices 3.4 Operations on Matrices 3.5 Transpose of a Matrix 3.6 Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrices
DETERMINANTS	4.2 Determinant 4.3 Properties of Determinants 4.5 Minors and Cofactors 4.6 Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix 4.7 Applications of Determinants and Matrices
CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY	5.2 Continuity 5.3 Differentiability 5.6 Derivatives of Functions in Parametric Forms 5.8 Mean Value Theorem
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES	6.2 Rate of Change of Quantities 6.3 Increasing and Decreasing Functions 6.4 Tangents and Normals 6.6 Maxima and Minima
INTEGRALS	7.3.1 integration by substitution 7.4 Integrals of Some Particular Functions 7.5 Integration by Partial Fractions 7.6 Integration by parts and 7.6.1 7.9 Evaluation of Definite Integrals by Substitution 7.10 Some Properties of Definite Integrals
APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS	8.2 Area under Simple Curves
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS	9.2 Basic Concepts 9.4 Formation of a Differential Equation whose General solution is given 9.5.1 Differential equations with variables separable. 9.5.3 Linear differential equations.
VECTOR ALGEBRA	10.4 Addition of Vectors 10.5 Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar 10.6 Product of Two Vectors
THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY	11.3 Equation of a Line in Space 11.5.1 Distance between skew lines 11.6.2 Equation of a plane perpendicular to a given vector and passing through a given point. 11.6.3 Equation of a plane passing through three non collinear points
LINEAR PROGRAMMING	12.2.2 Graphical method of solving linear programming problems
PROBABILITY	13.2 Conditional Probability 13.4 independent Events 13.5 Bayes’ Theorem

Plus Two Exam 2023- Focus Areas for MATHS (Commerce Stream )

Chapter	Focus area
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS	1.2 Types of Relations 1.3 Types of Functions 1.4 Composition of Functions and Invertible Function
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS	2.3 Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
MATRICES	3.2 Matrix 3.3 Types of Matrices 3.4 Operations on Matrices 3.5 Transpose of a Matrix 3.6 Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrices
DETERMINANTS	4.2 Determinant 4.4 Area of a Triangle. 4.5 Minors and Cofactors 4.6 Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix 4.7 Applications of Determinants and Matrices
CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY	5.2 Continuity 5.3 Differentiability 5.6 Derivatives of Functions in Parametric Forms 5.8 Mean Value Theorem
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES	6.2 Rate of Change of Quantities 6.3 Increasing and Decreasing Functions 6.4 Tangents and Normals
INTEGRALS	7.3.1 integration by substitution 7.4 Integrals of Some Particular Functions 7.5 Integration by Partial Fractions 7.6 Integration by parts and 7.6.1 7.9 Evaluation of Definite Integrals by Substitution
APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS	8.2 Area under Simple Curves
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS	9.2 Basic Concepts 9.4 Formation of a Differential Equation whose General solution is given 9.5.1 Differential equations with variables separable.
VECTOR ALGEBRA	10.4 Addition of Vectors 10.5 Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar 10.6 Product of Two Vectors
THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY	11.3 Equation of a Line in Space 11.5.1 Distance between skew lines 11.6.2 Equation of a plane perpendicular to a given vector and passing through a given point. 11.6.3 Three point form
LINEAR PROGRAMMING	12.2. Linear programming problem and its mathematical formulation.
PROBABILITY	13.2 Conditional Probability 13.4 independent Events 13.5 Bayes’ Theorem 13.6 Random variables and its probability distributions.

Plus Two Exam 2023- Focus Areas for PHYSICS

Name of Chapter	Focus Area
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELD5	1.2 ELECTRIC CHARGE 1.5 BASIC PROPERTIES OF CHARGE 1.6 COULOMB’SLAW 1.8 ELECTRIC FIELD 1.9 ELECTRIC FIELD LINES 1.10 ELECTRIC FLUX 1.11 ELECTRIC DIPOLE 1.14 GAUSS’SLAW 1.15 APPLICATIONS OF GAUSS’ S LAW
ELECTR OSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE	2.2 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL 2.3 POTENTIAL DUE TO A POINT CHARGE 2.6 EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACES 2.11 CAPACITORS AND CAPACITANCE 2.12 THE PARALLEL P LATE CAPACITOR 2.14 COMBINATION OF CAPACITORS 2.15 ENERGY STORED IN A CAPACITOR
CURRENT ELECTRICITY	3.4 OHM ‘S LAW 3.9 ELECTRICAL ENERGY, POWER 3.10 COMBINATION OF RESISTORS-SERIES AND PARALLEL 3.11 CELLS, EMF, INTERNAL RESISTANCE 3.13 KIRCHHOFF’S RULES 3.14 WHEATSTONE BRIDGE 3.15 METER BRIDGE 3.16 POTENTIOMETER
MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM	4.2 MAGNETIC FORCE 4.5 MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT ELEMENT, BIOT -SAVART LAW 4.6 MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE AXIS OF A CIRCULAR CURRENT LOOP 4.7 AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW 4.10.1 TORQUE ON A RECTANGULAR CURRENT LOOP IN A UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD 4.11 THE MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER
MAGNETISM AND MATTER	5.3 MAGNETISM AND GAUSS’S LAW 5.4 THE EARTH’S MAGNETISM 5.5 MAGNETISATION AND MAGNETIC INTENSITY
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION	6.4 FARADAY’S LAW OF INDUCTION 6.5 LENZ ‘ S LAW AND CONSERVATION 6.8 EDDY CURRENTS 6.9 INDUCTANCE 6.10 AC GENERATOR
ALTERNATING CURRENT	7.2 AC VOLTAGE APPLIED TO A RESISTOR 7.3 REPRESENTATION OF AC CURRENT AND VOLTAGE BY ROTATING VECTORS-PHASORS 7.4 AC VOLTAGE APPLIED TO AN INDUCTOR 7.5 AC VOLTAGE APPLIED TO A CAPACITOR 7.7 POWER IN AC CIRCUIT: THE POWER FACTOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES	8.2 DISPLACEMENT CURRENT 8.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS	9.2 REFLECTION OF LIGHT BY SPHERICAL MIRRORS 9.3 REFRACTION 9.5 REFRACTION AT SPHERICAL SURFACES AND BY LENSES 9.6 REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM 9.8.1 THE MICROSCOPE
WAVE OPTICS	10.2 HUYGENS PRINCIPLE 10.5 INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT WAVE AND YOUNG’S DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT 10.7 POLARISATION
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER	11.3 PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT 11.6 EINSTEIN’ S PHOTOELECTRIC EQUATION: ENERGY QUANTUM OF RADIATION 11.7 P ARTICLE NATURE OF LIGHT: THE PHOTON
ATOMS	12.4 BOHR MODEL OF THE HYDROGEN ATOM 12.6 DE BROGLIE’S EXPLANATION OF BOHR’S SECOND POSTULATE OF QUANTISATION
NUCLEI	13.3 SIZE OF THE NUCLEUS 13.5 NUCLEAR FORCE 13.6 RADIOACTIVITY
SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS	14.3 INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR 14.4 EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR 14.7 APPLICATION OF JUNCTION DIODE AS A RECTIFIER 14.9 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND LOGIC GATES

Plus Two Exam 2023- Focus Areas for CHEMISTRY

Name of Chapter	Focus Area
The solid state	1.2 Amorphous and crystalline solids 1.4.1 Primitive and Centred Unit Cells 1.5 Number of atoms in a unit cell 1.9.1 Types of point defects 1.10 Electrical properties 1.11 Magnetic properties
Solutions	2.3.2 solubility of gas in liquids 2.4.1 Vapour pressure of liquid-liquid solutions (Raoult’s law) 2.5 Ideal and non ideal solutions 2.6 Colligative properties and determination of molar mass
Electrochemistry	3.3 Nemst equation 3.4.2. Variation of conductivity and molar conductivity withconcentration 3.6.2 Secondary Batteries 3.7 Fuel cells
Chemical kinetics	4.2 Factors influencing rate of a reaction 4.3.2 First order reactions and its half life period 4.4 Pseudo first order reaction 4.5 Temperature dependence of the rate of reaction- Arrhenius equation
Surface chemistry	5.1.3 Types of Adsorption 5.1.4 Adsorption isotherms 5.2.1 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis 5.4 Classification of colloids (5.4.2 and 5.4.3) 5.4.6 Properties of Colloidal Solutions (Tyndall effect, Electrophoresis) 5.5 Emulsions
General principles and Process of Isolation of elements –	6.2 Concentration of ores 6.3 Extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore (Calcination and Roasting) 6.4.1 Applications —Extraction of copper from cuprous oxide 6.5 Hall Heroult process (Extraction of Al) 6.7 Refining (Electrolytic refining and Vapour phase refining)
The P-block elements	7.3 Ammonia 7.5 Nitric acid 7.8 Phosphorus halides 7.17 Sulphuric acid 7.22 Inter halogen compounds
The d-and f-block elements	8.3 General properties of Transition Elements (Magnetic properties, formation coloured ions, formation complexes and catalytic property 8.4 Some important compounds of Transition elements (Potassium dichromate only) 8.5.2 Atomic and ionic sizes 8.7 Some applications of d- and f-block elements
Coordination compounds	9.3 Nomenclature of coordination compounds 9.4 Isomerism in coordination compounds 9.5.2 Magnetic properties of coordination compounds 9.6 Bonding in metal carbonyls
Haloalkanes and haloarenes	10.4.1 Preparation from alcohols 10.4.3 Halogen exchange 10.5 Preparation of haloarenes (By Sandmeyer’s reaction) 10.7.1 Reactions of haloalkanes (Nucleophilic substitiution) 10.7.2 Reactions of haloarenes (Electrophilic substitution)
Alcohols, phenols and ethers	11.4.1 Preparation of alcohols( from carbonyl compounds and Grignard reagent) 11.4.2 Preparation of phenol (from haloarenes and diazonium salts) 11.4.4 Chemical reactions (Lucas test, dehydration, nitration of phenol, Reimer Tiemann reaction) 11.5 Some Commercially important alcohols- ethanol 11.6.1 Preparation of ethers-Williamson synthesis
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids	12.2 Preparation of aldehydes and ketones ( By oxidation of alcohols, by deHydrogenation of alcohols, Rosenmund reduction, Etard reaction, Gatterman-Koch reaction, Friedel Craft’s reaction) 12.4 Chemical reactions (Reduction, Oxidation, Aldol reaction, Cannizzaro reaction) 12.7 Preparation of Carboxylic acid (from aldehydes and ketones, from alkyl benzene) 12.9 Chemical reactions (acidity, reaction with ammonia, Kolbe electrolysis, Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction. Ring substitution)
Amines	13.4 Preparation of amines (Reduction of nitrites, amides, Iloffinann Bromamide reaction) 13.6 Chemical reactions ( carbylamine reaction, Hinsberg test) 13.9 Chemical reactions of diazonium salts- Sandmaeyer reaction, coupling reaction
Biomolecules	14.1.1 Classification of carbohydrates 14.1.2 Monosaccharides (Preparation of glucose from sucrose) 14.1.3 Disaccharides (glycosidic linkage, invert sugar) 14.1.4 Starch, glycogen 14.2.4 Denaturation of protein 14.5.3 Biological functions of nucleic acids
Polymers	15.1 Classification of polymers 15.2.1.2 Some important Addition polymers ( Polythene, Teflon) 15.5.2.1 Some important condensation polymers (Nylon 6, 6 and Nylon 6) 15.2.4 Rubber ( Natural rubber, vulcanisation)
Chemistry in Everyday life	16.3.1 Antacid 16.3.3 Neurologically active drugs 16.3.4 Antimicrobials antiseptics, disinfectants)